John Fields in his 2003 psycholinguistics textbooks says: A Spreading-Activation Theory of Retrieval in Sentence Production. Psycholinguists can use this fact in order to infer the structure of linguistic rules without having direct, conscious access to them.ĭell (1986). ![]() Interestingly, speech errors rarely violate the rules of syntax, morphology, or phonology (even though they may make little sense semantically). The same model can predict typographic errors as well: phonemes spread activation to orthographic units, which spread activation to the proper motor units which control our fingers. However, this model is susceptible to retroactive and proactive interference: if we have just spoken another word that requires a different morpheme, its activation may exceed that of the target morpheme because of (for instance) undue attention or neural noise. When the activation of a phoneme unit exceeds a certain threshold, it is selected for utterance (e.g., spreads activation to the motor units that allow us to speak). By selecting the units in a neural network that correspond to a certain lemma, it spreads activation to the corresponding morphemes, which in turn spreads activation to its corresponding phonemes. When mentally planning the next word in a sentence, we must choose the appropriate lemma. ![]() He has used neural networks to explain speech errors of different types. He is, in my opinion, the expert in this domain. If you're interested in learning more, I would suggest reading some articles by Gary Dell (e.g., Dell, 1986). The speech error taxonomy on Wikipedia that Jeromy Anglim links to in his answer is pretty comprehensive.
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